What is the purpose of a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI)?

A ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) is designed specifically to protect against electric shock. It monitors the electrical current flowing through a circuit and can detect imbalances between the outgoing and returning current. If it senses a discrepancy, which may indicate that some of the current is leaking through an unintended path (like a person), it quickly cuts off the electricity to prevent serious injury or fatality from electric shock. This function is particularly critical in areas where water is present, such as bathrooms, kitchens, and outdoor environments, as the risk of electric shock is significantly higher.

While other options may touch on important aspects of electrical safety and performance, they do not specifically capture the primary function of a GFCI, which is to safeguard individuals from the dangers of electric shock.