What can cause transients in electrical systems?

Transients in electrical systems can be caused by various factors that introduce abrupt changes in voltage or current. Equipment malfunction or utility load switching is a significant cause because when electrical loads are suddenly turned on or off, it can create unexpected changes in the electrical system. For example, when large machinery starts or stops, it can generate voltage spikes or dips, which are classified as transients. Similarly, utility load switching can occur when power providers adjust to changes in demand, leading to sudden shifts in voltage levels that affect the entire grid and connected systems.

In contrast, natural disasters, human error, and improper tool usage, while they can impact electrical systems, are not the primary contributors to transients. Transients are typically associated more with operational dynamics within the system or at the utilities directly managing the electrical supply. By recognizing the operative causes like equipment malfunctions and load switching, one can better understand how to predict, measure, and mitigate the effects of transients in electrical engineering practices.